The events leading to the Monroe Doctrine Essay Example for Free

The events leading to the Monroe Doctrine EssayAfter Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated and exiled, the octogenarian monarchies of Europe acted quickly to reassert their old power. They crushed the democratic rebellions and restored dethroned monarchs to their thrones. Rumor had it that they wanted to destroy the newly Latin America republics and restore the lands to colonial swayer by Spain. Britain did not want this to happen because the monopoly-free ports of the new Latin American republics were profitable so the British minister at that time, George Canning, suggested that the United States and Great Britain conjointly declare the Americas off limits to the European powers. At that time, Russia was expanding its territory from Alaska down the west coast of the North American continent and the people in the United States was apprehensive that the Russians would cut the Americans off from its window to the Pacific Ocean. This, combined with the fact that the Americans were al so profiting from the monopoly free ports of Latin America motivated the United States to make some anatomy of declaration. There was opposition to a joint declaration with Great Britain because they didnt want to be morally held back from acquiring Spanish lands in the Americas. John Quincy Adams justly saw that even if the United States did not join Britain the British would still protect the ports so he advocated a declaration by the United States without the British. chairperson Monroe announced to the world during his regular annual address to Congress that the era of colonization was over in the Americas and that the European powers were not to impede in the new Latin American republics. Since Monroe said it, this doctrine was named after him. The Monroe Doctrine could be said to be a self-protection doctrine because the noncolonization part was mainly direct at the Russian who were expanding down the west coast and if they were stopped, the United States would be guarantee d access to the Pacific Ocean. The non arrest part was another way that the United States saved itself. If a European nation took control of any land in the Americas the United States would be in danger of invasions.The Monroe Doctrine was an isolationist document because it prevented theinterference of any European nation in the Americas. In the terms of the Monroe Doctrine, Monroe warned the European powers away from the western hemisphere and in return the United States wont interfere with the war between the Greeks and the Turks in Europe. In short, the United States said that if Europe wouldnt interfere with American affairs then the United States wouldnt interfere with European affairs. By rejecting the British hand in partnership, the United States also followed the policy of isolationism because they did not accept European help even though their military was no equalize for European armed forces.

Universal Coverage Essay Example for Free

Universal Coverage Essay health damages is a term that explains a form of insurance hugage that adverts ones medical exam checkup expenses. This form of insurance pays for medical expenses and sometimes may encompass insurance on disability and long nursing needs. in that respect are two ways that one may get access to serve of health cover firms, one of them is that, insurance may be offered by the disposal subsidized program i. e. the Social Insurance Program or the second alternative is by close medical insurance firms. The package may be obtained collectively e. g. by a company to insure its employees etc or may be obtained individu each(prenominal)y by customers.However in either case, the cover persons pay premiums to get protection from high or unpredicted medical address expenses. The government may offer such benefits of paying(a) health deal divulge costs via a Social welfare program. Universal Coverage is described as the affordable medical burster i nsurance that extends its coverage to all eligible residents of the country. Its sometimes called Universal Healthcare. The coverage of such programs are greatly varied in terms of funding mechanism and organizational complex body part especially the extent to which they are funded by the public.Normally, the general public always has to pay their medical care expenses through health insurance schemes that are a compulsory requirement. around pay through taxation and at times both tax and medical insurance programs may be used to meet the health care bill. According to the Institute of Medicine, The United States of America has been confirmed to be the only developed regime that doesnt offer the Universal Coverage. too soon(a)wise, many some other developed nations and the developing countries offer the Universal health care coverage agreement of health insurance and its the trend all over the world.Introduction Health insurance is coverage that takes care of medical bills. G overnments have come up with policies that regulate this health insurance programs. The Medical care insurance policy is a contract that binds a health insurance company and the person in question. The contact may be renewable annually or upon the agreed stream of time. The contract usually described the type and the amount of medical expenses to be covered in the agreed duration and is usually paid in encourage as evidence of coverage in the booklet.The Universal Coverage as mentioned earlier describes a situation where everybody is covered for the basic medical care services as per the government policy as long as one is an eligible resident of the region in question. Universal medical care coverage has been mistakenly likened to ingle-prayer a type of medical cares where the government pays all the healthcare expenses. Most governments in the world currently provide Medical care normally with Singapore having the nearly efficient and successful medical coverage in the world.P robably t due to this reason that it has the country records low infant death rate rates and long life expectancies. The U. S is the only country that does non offer Universal coverage. The U. S government has established policies that recommend reforms in the healthcare by the year 2010, based on the per capita expenses. The situation in the country is that per capita expenses on medical care services is almost twice as lots as other developed countries, but still has high infant mortality rates and short life expectancies.Health Insurance in the U. S In 2005, a bill was presented to the House of Representatives of the U. S proposing the introduction of a Universal health care coverage that would combine both public and private coverage. The discussions in the U. S on universal coverage are usually confused with the concept of genius prayer scheme which is sometimes called socialized medicine. This lore usually becomes a major hurdle for the enactment of the universal coverage (Lerberghe 2005) Many of the medical service providers in the U.S will concur to commove the insurance Companies if the clients are willing to assent his signature to an agreement that the amount not paid by the insurance company would be their responsibility. Medical care in the U. S is provided by different legal entities and it has been noted that the U. S is highest spender on health care services. (Porter Teisberg 2006) A greater percentage of the U. S population have some form of medical insurance cover individually or through employers while others are granted by the government.There are certain publicly financed medical care schemes that are meant to provide assistance to the elderly, disabled, children and the poor. Federal law authorizes the general public to access emergency medical services despite their ability to meet the expenses. The health care coverage in the U. S depends so much on the private sector and the non-profit insurers and is the chief(prenominal) sour ce of medical coverage for the Americans. Public programs provide coverage services to older people and low-income earners including families that meet certain requirements to be entitled to this cover (Lerberghe 2005).Some of the public programs are Social insurance, Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP. In 2006, its estimated that over 47 million people did not have any medical care cover for some part of the year (Anderson 2007). In 2004, the United States medical cover providers employed almost 471,000 workers directly. Since 2001, the health insurance costs in the States are insurrection at a very alarming rate that there is need to re evaluate the effectiveness of their system of healthcare payment. In the year 2007, most of the low-income earners and unemployed did not have medical cover.Those without medical insurance that year, summed up to about 15. 8% of the total population. The efficiency and the timbre of the U. S medical care system raises questions on whether its worth the million of shillings that the government spends each year. A research by the world Health Organization in 2000, found out that the U. S was the highest spender on healthcare services yet it lagged far much behind in effectiveness of its performance (Haley Deevey 2001). Since universal coverage has be to be more effective, there have been many proposals presented to the U.S administration to encourage transformation process of the current system to enable it to extend its coverage universally, rather than via a complete restructuring of the entire system. Considering that, most Americans covered by private insurance companies receive their benefits through employer sponsored schemes, it has been suggested that the employer pay or play be used to expand coverage. However analysts have suggested that the proposed pay or play plans will be restricted in their capacity to include the working poor.Other observations make included the fact that this proposed plan basically excludes smal l companies, do not differentiate individuals who may be able to access other forms of healthcare insurance, from those who do not, and may cause the overall employer compensation expenses to rise. Universal Coverage As defined earlier, universal health coverage is the situation where by the government covers everyones basic medical care services as long as the people meet eligibility requirements of the region. Only America does not provide the universal coverage to its citizens of all the industrialized countries (Mayes 2005).This has seen Americas health care coverage system collapse Almost a third of the Americans are not control at some time of the year, this according to the research by Commonwealth Fund with the number of those supposedly covered dangerously under insured (Baker 2000). There arises situations when the insurance companies fail to meet the expenses of the medical services provided to their clients, in such cases, the affected persons may face a serious and tou gh conclusion making moment that they have to choose between healthcare services and other life necessities. As many as about half of the bankruptcies inform in the U.S are contributed to by medical debts and more than three-quarters of them are due to the medical debt the insurance had at the beginning of the sickness (Mayes 2005). The population that is covered collectively by employer is steadily loosing the benefits as more and more charges are creation pushed towards the employees, while the young and unemployed minority are suffering for being under insured and usually pays disproportionate split of their income to the insurance coverage (Emanuel Fuchs 2005) Several issues have been raised to solve the problem of healthcare expenses and analysis made for the best possible alternative.In many occasions of discussions, universal coverage has been confused with single payer healthcare system. The Single-Payer healthcare system is the U. Ss term that describes the payment of a ll players in medical care service from single fund. The players here, being doctors, hospital and other related trades like pharmacies. The Canadian medical care system, the British, and the Australias Medicare are all single payer systems. The U. Ss Medicare and Medicaid are also described as single payer systems. The single payer system has only one financial source for paying all the medical service providers.Some people have argued that the single enthusiast of the single payer system is the government, but in Countries such as the U. S the matter is left for analysts and the patient never bears the individual accountability for all the expenses (Mayes 2005). The single payer system has been proposed to help transform the current and collapsing system of health insurance in the U. S. It is different from the Universal health care system where the government has total control of the healthcare systems including administration, employing doctors and other staff, despite the fact that logically all these are single payer systemsMeanwhile, when the term is used to suggest these differences, the stakeholders in medical care industry remain independent and may confer with the government for funding. The single payer has been proposed to change the current system of the Americans, however critics oppose the fact that it would offer better quality of healthcare at a cheaper expense by saying that this would affect the quality of medical care and discourage innovations and therefore give free market approach and tax incentive as the better options (Emanuel Fuchs 2005)Some organization support universal coverage, these organizations that urge for the implementation of the universal coverage do so due to its efficiency and advantages. The main supporters are doctors, nurses and organizations such as Healthcare for everyone, Physicians for a National health Program and National health Insurance. The supporters argue that medical care is a basic human right and e veryone is entitled to it, provision of medical care to the full-page nation would profit the country economically, and that the profit motivation could negatively affect the quality of the healthcare services provided.Cutting costs is the main issue that raises concerns in the healthcare service provision. It would be much better to cut down costs rather than maintaining since the current economic crisis does not call for increased expenses. Currently, the U. S government has sacrificed its healthcare service industry to financial plan cuts. Communities especially those living in the poor neighborhood are needlessly vulnerable to diseases that otherwise could have been corrected or prevented. Cost cutting demands have lead to humiliating of occupations of medical care service providers like nurses and home-care workers.Processes such as screening, early diagnosis, and prevention measures that are efficient cost cutting methods have been short changed. Though cost cutting is very important, it should not sacrifice the quality of healthcare services to be provided. For the health care crisis in the American system and cost cutting pressures that are mounting on the budgetary allocations, have caused the quality of health care to be compromised in the name of cutting costs. Human rights activist argue that the sanctity of life should be respected and life protect no matter the cost.

Health Demographics in Derbyshire

wellness Demographics in Derbyshire(Derby city council, 2013)DermographyAlvaston is in the south east of Derby city centre and approximately covers 702 hect ares. It has expanded with the arrival of the railways and think meshing in the 19th century (Derby city council, 2011). The population of Alvaston is 16,255. 50.3 % are females and males make 49.7% and this follows a national trend (D.C.C, 2011).Alvaston has a higher number of babyren of the sequences of 0-4, 2% to a greater extent than England average (ONS, 2011). An increase in number of children is said to be a result of having a large population of women of childbearing age. This is reflected in the Ward. There is a higher percentage of women in this age range, potentially increasing the number of children in the Ward (ONS, 2013). Due to the vast improvements in healthcare infant mortality rate hasten continually decreased over the years (ONS, 2013). The high number of children can increase shoves on the local servic es such as childcare providers, schools and health visiting services.GenderFig 2.According to ONS (2011) Alvaston shelter has more females than males and this follows a national trend. Naidoo and Wills (2010) points out that women live 6 years hankerish than men on average. This is said to be because women are more akinly to report illness and are less likely to be in exuberant time employment, thitherfore having easier access to healthcare while men are exposed to unsafe working environments and tend to adopt pretendy behaviours socially, like alcohol addiction and they have to a high number of accidents. (Annandale and Hunt, 2000)Ethnicity equal by Author (ONS,2011)Fig 3.Alvaston Ward is not ethnically diverse, its population is predominantly white, accounting to 88% of the ward population, slightly higher than national average (ONS, 2011). However Asians make 5% of the biggest ethnic group population. Ethnicity plays a role in terms of illness and behaviour, moreover some infirmitys are more prevalent in certain ethnic groups, and for example, cardiovascular diseases are more cat valium in Asian men (NHS, 2015). genetics cannot be altered but it is valuable for health professionals to be aware of such groups to allow proper preventative preparation and screening processes for diseases and illnesses prevalent in particular ethnic groups.Disease PaternsAdapted by AuthorONS,2012Fig 4.MorbidityAlvaston has dandy access to primary care services. There are three Gp practices, four pharmacies, four dental practices and an Optometrists serving the ward (Derby city council,2012).The ward has a significantly high percentage of masses with emergency hospital admissions for myocardial infarction, 40% more than national average (local health.org.uk).The main cause of MI is smoking coronary partiality disease is also high at 38% more than national average. According to Naidoo and Wills (2010) coronary heart disease is one of the most commonly reported long standing illness in the UK. It is the most common cause of premature death, and often results from a number of lifestyles factors (see Fig ) such as diet high in fat, smoking, alcohol and lack of exercise (Naidoo and Wills, 2010). wellness practitioners have a role to construct programmes to tackle causation factors and educating the public about the risks accredited to certain habits and practices.MortalityFig 5.Mortality is one of the indicators of privation, advance(prenominal) mortality rates from Coronary heart disease are 39% higher in Alvaston compared to nationally (PHE, 2013). The death rates from CHD has increased to three times higher among unskilled man than among professionals (DOH, 1999). CHD is caused by key lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, poor nutrition, obesity, lack of exercise and high blood pressure (DOH, 1999). The ward is also high in smoking (see lifestyle graph). Poorer plurality are often exposed to highest risk as low socio economic locating and lack of education seem to be associated with behavioural risk factors for CHD (Hemmingway, 2007).The increase of influencing factors to CHD start in childhood, and this has authenticated the bouncing child programme.(DOH,2008). Although there are more causes of CHD, communities need to be made aware of the changeable risk factors.Unemployment has also shown to increase the risk of CHD, unemployment levels are higher in Alvaston compared to nationally. The DOH(2000) authorities document parsimony Lives Our healthier nation has recommended that Health and Local authorities should lead the development and implementation of a comprehensive local programme of effective policies to reduce smoking, promoting healthy eating, physical natural action and reducing overweight and obesity. In Alvaston, these services are provided by the Live-well, which is a local authority project.Cancer incidenceAdapted by author ONS, 2011Fig 6.Over 250 000 people in England are diagnosed with cancer, de spite the developments made to tackle it, a big gap remains in mortality rates (Naidoo Wills, 2010). The increase in cancer rates is said to be a result of longer life expectancy, however according to ( ) work environment contribute to cancer mortalities. Workers from low class jobs are twice as likely to die from cancer as compared to professionals are (Naidoo and Wills, 2010). In Alvaston the majority of the workforce are in elementary jobs (see Fig ) and there are many smokers therefore increasing the prevalence of lung cancer to 44% more than national average. The NHS Framework, a schema for cancer has set out actions to be used to tackle preventable causes of cancer (DOH, 2011). The focus is primary, this is aimed at health education and support for behaviour changes, especillially in relation to smoking and healthy eating. And secondary focus is intended at increasing the uptake of screening services (DOH.2011). And some of the environmental factors that are linked to cancer are being acknowledged and developed (Naidoo and Wills, 2010).Life expectancyAdapted by Author ONS, 2011Fig 7.Life expectancy at birth defects in Alvaston is worse off compared to national average, Males at 5% worse and females at 4% worse (ONS, 2011). According to Doyal and Payne (2011) Lower life expectancy is linked to going and lower socio economic status.Determinants of HealthDeterminants are described by World Health Organisation (2013) as the causes that impact health, such as conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age including the health system. Some of these determinants are changeable like social, economic, environmental conditions that influence the health of individuals and populations (Marmot, 2010).Availability of resources that improve quality of life can have a big impact on population health outcomes, for example, availability of healthy foods, affordable housing, access to education and health services (Marmot, 2010) and these determinants ca n be altered either at community or social policy level.Index of Multiple deprivationAdapted by Author (ONS,2012)Fig 8.Indices of multiple deprivation are those factors that are used to measure deprivation in an area. These measures include measurement of income, health, education and housing (Derby city council, 2012). Alvaston is one of the most deprived wards in the country, ranked fourth most deprived of all Derby Wards (Derby city council, 2010).Index of Multiple Deprivations (IMDs) measures level of deprivation in lower layer passing output areas (LSOAs) (Derby city council, 2012) Childhood poverty is significantly high in the ward at 15% higher than national average, disadvantaged older people measure high at 25%, makes it 7% higher than national average, income deprivation also measure at 7% higher than England average (Derby city council, 2012). Green et-al (2015) points out that constant childhood poverty is damaging as it does not only affect in short term but it has lon g lasting effects and it adds to sustaining cycles of deprivation.In order to reduce childhood poverty, the government has set strategies to tackle inequalities (Green at-al, 2015). Fair society, healthy Lives document, and its first recommendations from the Marmot review (2010), are that both child is given the best start in life. These recommendations are sanctioned through a wide range of policy initiatives, including sure start, healthy child programme and Child Poverty Act, 2010. (Marmot, 2010).EducationAdapted by Author ONS, 2012Fig 8.Education is an important social determinant of health Ungerleider et-al (2009). There is a pointedly higher percentage, totalling to 33% of people with no qualification in Alvaston than England average of 23% (Derby city council, 2011). Education is linked to other health determinants in that good education increases the prospects of getting a safe and well-paying job with good working conditions (Benatar and Brook, 2011).educated individuals t end to adopt healthy lifestyles behaviours, furthermore it isIdentified Health NeedAdapted by Author ONS,2012Fig 9.Coronary heart disease (CHD)Coronary heart disease is described as the narrowing of the coronary arteries, which are one of the important structures in the heart, due to build-up of fatty material within their walls and therefore damaging these vessels and thus limiting their ability to deliver blood to many organs including the heart.(BHF,2010)(Granato,2008). Coronary heart disease is also classed as cardiovascular disease, and these are said to be one of the main causes of death in Europe (BHF).In Alvaston there is a substantial percentage of coronary heart disease, amounting to 177 percent, almost doubling national average amongst the under 75s (ONS, 2012).According to the Derby city council (2012) health and welfare is determined by many factors, and it is clear that effects on health can be due to a number of interrelating variables. Coronary heart disease is caus ed by many lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet (high in fat and salt), obesity and not exercising. Other factors include family history, ethnicity and co-existing predisposing factors like Diabetes and High blood pressure (Naidoo and Wills, 2010). The more risk factors an individual has the more they are likely to develop Coronary heart disease and the risk increases with age (British heart foundation, 2012).There is a small percentage of people eating healthy on the Ward and as already discussed that this is linked to CHD. Obesity increases the risk by 46 percent and physical inactivity by 37 percent and this reflects the high levels of the disease in the ward (Derby city council, 2012). Although coronary heart disease typically occur in middle age or later, it is said to be higher among the lower socio-economic communities and more men die as a result of CHD while women are more likely to die from stroke, and this is said to be due to behavioural factors associa ted with the risks (Doyal and Payne, 2011).To combat Heart disease the government has put in place many policies in collaboration with the Food Standards Agency to reduce the intake levels of unhealthy eating and salt (Marmot, 2010) (WHO,2015). The Department of Health document, Saving Lives Our healthier Nation(1999) has also made recommendation to tackle coronary Heart Disease There has been a reduction in the advertisements for unhealthy foods during childrens television programmes (NICE, 2010). Clear labelling and traffic light system on food labels were introduced to encourage people to make healthy option choices (DOH, 1999) (British heart Foundation). Promoting physical activity in the workplace is very well encouraged across the country and the use of green space areas to encourage exercise (Marmot, 2010) as well as introducing plain standardised tobacco packaging and banning tobacco advertisements and Smoking cessation (The white paper,2010).

Nazis Who Helped Jews Survive

Nazis Who Helped Jews SurviveMasquerading As Devils Nazis Who Helped Jews Survive The Holocaust During WWII. During the final solution, many people died, due to Machine Guns or due to starvations well as abuse. This is the way individuals disliked by Nazis were treated. The Jews along with other individuals were killed just on the basis that, Hitler and other people due to their faith. This happened to be the first term such a holocaust happened ground on such a reason. Under normal cases, there were holocausts when individuals were fighting for resources like land, or just an attempt of wining war. In this case, many individuals were killed based on the reason that, they believed in different religion. Around el rase million individuals were killed, and among them 6,000,000 of them were Jews and 5,000,000 were not Jews, (Resnick 34).As a result, this seek looks at Nazis who helped Jews survive the Holocaust during WWII. AS a matter of point, many researchers have dealt with rea sons that led to population War II, there entraps and the survivors. In addition, more has been do concerning the causes of this war, and how it came to an halt, however, in truth little has been d angiotensin converting enzyme on how the Jews got survival during the war, yet they were the main victims.Study objectivesThe main objective of this paper is to identify how the Jews survived during this war. In order to reach at this comparisonticular objective, I provide use the following research questions.I look at who were the victims of Nazis Holocaust?I look at how was life in the concentration ring?I also look at how the survivors made it did and who were the rescuers?I look at why was it that, the Jews were the most target group?I look at the reasons that motivated rescuers?I look at who is Anne discourteous and what made her famous?Definition of TermsHolocaust in this concept, holocaust has been taken to mean, Large graduated table destruction and killing of millions of Jews and other people by Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany during World War II (Library.thinkquest.org par 6).Concentration camps this were the places that most Nazis victims were being killedRescuers are those who, at great personal risk, actively helped members of persecuted groups, primarily Jews, during the Holocaust in defiance of Third Reich policy (Rosenberg, par 4).Ghetto these were tiny areas that were cordoned off by the use of barbed wire.RationaleThis study is rattling important to me as a student as it is a partial fulfillment of my academic requirements as demanded the collage. Getting a better grade in this research will boost my overall academic grade in my cause. Nevertheless, after the completion of this research project, I will be equipped with stacks of historical information concerning WWII, its causes, effects, participants as well as the victims. A part from all these, I will be present with nigh more vocabularies that were employ in history during first WWII. To the society this research will help them know that, those individuals who chastenled the past will s cashbox control the future. In one way or the other, it will shape the way the society view the present, hence dictating the answers they will offer for the existing wars, problems and injustices. To the society in addition, this research paper will enable them to have the ability of looking venture at World War II, and reflect on how the current leaders know the kinds of mistakes they ought not to make when dealing with conflicts. Without knowing how the Jews suffered due to their faith, where will the martyrs come from, they should such like a paper to strengthen their faith.MethodologyThis research paper addresses the question of Nazis Who Helped Jews Survive the Holocaust during WWII. The secondary source of data collection methods will be employed to ensure that the research carried out arrests successful. Materials from the library, meshing and related research reports will be read and analyzed to provide the required data and information on the subject. Sampling strategies that will be used will include random sampling and stratified sampling strategies. In dealing with the ethical issues, the paper was approved by Ethical Approval control board before data collection. This research anticipates the following limitations cartridge holder limitation, financial constrains, and the unreliability of secondary sources of data.Data AnalysisAt the time the WW1 started by the year 1914, Hitler was very ready to give out his life for the sake of German individuals. By that time, he was in the army for four years working as a messenger, and was fighting at the front line against Britain. At the end of it all, the Germans lost the war to their Allies. This made Hitler to be very angry for very long time after the defeat of German in the year 1919.It was overly much unfortunate that, after the First World War, Germany was trying to come out of the effect i n a heroic manner. Apart from this, there came Germany Great Depression. This rendered many individuals jobless and starving. In this terrible economic setting, Hitler made his way to power. In these desperate moments, the Germany people just needed any way out. As a result, Hitler cease up giving the German people lots of hope. Amongst his hopes, he ended up blaming partly the Allies who were the Britons, United States of America and France, for the poor condition that German was passing through as per that time. However, those were not the only parties that were blamed, there were others too. In his believe, German was beaten unfairly because the Jews betrayed them, which he described as being the evil partners of the Britons. He thought that, wealthy merchants and international throw outkers, which were majorly Jews, gave away all German secretes to Germans enemies. Due to this reason, Hitler hated and went a step higher to convince others to continue hating the Jews.In most ca ses, the victims of Nazis target included Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovahs Witnesses, Communists, twins, and the disabled (Auschwitz.dk par 8). Amongst the, there were those who valued to escape and hide from the Nazis, for instance the Ann Frank along with her family. There were those who were successful in escaping, besides the majority was not. The victims as shown in appendix photo 1, that were captured were sterilised , underwent forced resettlement, family and friends separation, beaten, starved and or even off death. The main victims were the Jews due the fact they were hated most by Hitler and his Nazis. These Jews were not allowed to enjoy in theaters resorts or even swimming pools. They were given identity cards with which they had to work with them. The individuals were made to wear, the Davids star badge at any place they were going.There was a time except more, when Hitler set on fire the Jewish Synagogues, which were the place that the Jews went to practice the ir faith. In addition, Jews homes and businesses were all brought down to book. As an effect, there were no Jewish students who were going to schools, as they were stopped. In addition, there were curfews upon which the Jews were supposed to out, on top of these they were not supposed to come in public places. At long last, some were forced back to there home land. The last resort for Hitler and his Nazis, were to bring sent to concentration camps.The victims were pushed out of their homes especially the Jews were forcefully moved into smaller, overpopulated quarters in a very tiny section of the city. Such areas were cordoned off by the use of barbed wires, which were given the name Ghettos. In while in such places, every one was just waiting for a call that could be described as being dreaded, for resettlement.On their side, Jehovah Witness in German were also ban to undertake meetings when Nazis came to power, those who never bought the idea, were taken to concentration campsIn t he concentration camp, the Jews never lived happily waiting for their peaceful deaths. In this concentration camp as indicated in photo 2 in the Appendices, the treatments were too extremely cruel and very harsh. In such camp, they were no one feeling fine, this was based on the fact that, either some one was sick, starving, dying, and even a slavery laborer. Das result, thy ended up dying in many types of ways, for instance, sickness, starvation, being shoot by machinegun, or even overworking their bodies. There were instance where, others were being told to take shower instead they ended up being killed. There was a time when they were tricked, and they all ended up in a gas chamber, as a result, they all died, but never did Nazis and other Germans did care (Concentration Camp par 20).Though the conditions were too tough to bear, there were those few who managed to survive. Amongst the survivors, sensed danger, or left to their homes forcefully, meaning that, they will never see t heir friends or families again. In addition, some survived because they were always a head of Nazis, and had lots of good luck. Life from hiding places was always a struggle, as most were just always in disquietude of being caught, as mostly were being constant found, hence the chances for escaping were too slim. On the other hand, another reason for terror in hiding places was that, the strike of being caught in hiding was just death, nothing else.It will be too bad to end the list of victims without mentioning Anne Frank. This was a girl from Jewish side, who survived till very end of WWII. After her family received a notice notifying them to hide, she ended up getting a diary. When they were in hiding, she went with her diary to the hiding place. Everyday, she kept on writing in it how she felt about the situation, and it felt to being in being in such a position. Just before the war ended, in 1944, Nazi found their hiding places, courtesy of some Germans who also disliked Jews . At the age of 16, in 1945, she died in a concentration camp. Latter, her diary was found, and currently, has become a book of all terrifying conditions that she underwent through. This book is now called The Diary of Anne Frank.There were those who survived due to many different techniques. There these who made it on the search of setting their eyes on their families, and they constantly held it in their minds. On the other hand, there were those who made it as a result of getting favors from upper Jews coping prisons such seniors could at least get extra food. Others used the technique of thievery. Such individuals stole food that was lying dead from their beds. Such thievery in a way can be called ethical stealing, which made some senses. If for sure they were going to die, way waste that particular bread. There were those who had their own luck, narrowly did they escaped all perilous barriers, and ended up being rescued by the Allies.The process of rescuing the Jews was under taken by individuals who took a step ahead to act concord to their own conscious and belief systems, while staying in an immoral community. Millions survived such holocaust incidence due to daring of such rescuers. However, their statistical number was too small. Rescuers were peasants and nannies, aristocrats and clergy, bakers and doctors, social workers and storekeepers, school children and police officers, diplomats and grandmothers. They were from many countries-the Netherlands, the Ukraine, Poland, Germany, France, Hungary, Denmark, Italy, Greece, Belgium and other nations (Fcit.usf.edu par 2). Such individuals never looked at Jews a long with other victims as being enemies, but just as other human beings. To be involved in a rescue process, one had to accept the consequential responsibility that might follow. For instance, their houses were even burned down, for instance in figure 3, after being realized that, they were assisting the Jews and other targeted groups. The rescu ers had various reasons for doing so, for instance, the sense of morality motivated them, while others had some relation with particular individuals belonging to the targeted groups. There were those whose engine was politics, as they were the third Reich. There were those who were being involved as workers, for instance, nurses, diplomats, social workers among others, and extended their work beyond sea captain duties. Many children o the other hand followed the footsteps of their parents, hence becoming rescuers.ConclusionThe reason as to why Jews were the main victims in the situation is because it was believed that they betrayed the Germans during the First World War. Most of them were taken to concentration house where life was so miserable to an extent that, no one was left to die in peace, there were lots of troubles. The survivors in the concentration camp had lots of survival techniques most of them were brave, determined and so cunning. They never cared on what they had t o do to survive, as if thy miss out, they will end up losing. On the other hand, there were some victims who survived due to the mercy of rescuers. The rescuers were motivated by the spirit of humanity in the world of immorality.Work CitedAuschwitz.dk. Anne Frank An Oasis of Innocence. 2002. 28 March 2011. .Concentration Camp. New Standard Encyclopedia, 1987.Resnick, Abraham. The Holocaust. San Diego Lucent Books Inc., 1991.Library.thinkquest.org. The Holocaust An Unbelievable Tragedy . 2002. 28 March 2011. .Rosenberg, Jennifer. The Holocaust. 1997. 28 March 2011. .Fcit.usf.edu . Rescuers. 2005. 28 March 2011. .AppendicesFigure 1 Former prisoners of the little camp in Buchenwald. (Photo courtesy USHMM) from http//history1900s.about.com/od/holocaust/tp/holocaust.htmFigure 2, Firing squad wall at Auschwitz. From http//library.thinkquest.org/CR0215466/the_holocaust.htmFigure 3 from http//history1900s.about.com/od/holocaust/tp/holocaust.htm

Understanding The Ethical Organization Management Models Commerce Essay

Understanding The Ethical Organization Management Models Commerce raiseThis report mainly focuses on developing an good approach to manage brass instruments. This essay critically identifies and evaluate about ethics and how ethics helps an brass section to put wiz across good findings. This report is prep atomic number 18d by referring to various journals, way books, websites and relevant current articles.Ethics is very important for an organization. This essay will book an stem about what is ethics? And what is un respectable? Ethics helps to identify an organization by differentiating from each other. This report mainly relies on discussing about theories, models and prototypes and much concentrating on fore humanist paradigm.The purpose of this assignment is to provide base for understanding respectable conclusion qualification in an organization and providing one real world guinea pig managing organization ethically and three real world examples for the organiz ations disaster by managing the organization wrongly.In this report we critically analysis on commercial enterprise ethical decision making by an individual or group of shapeing people in the organization. Our report focus on individual moral, honesty, frankness and equity while pickings vexation decision in an organization. Our approach would be by understanding the organizational value and working people ethical discipline course is necessary for saveing them from engraining any unethical conduct.EthicsEthics in an organization means the business conduct of that organization to run the business more effectively and efficiently. In an organization people are working together with different values and sources. Managing the business ethics of an organization more effectively call for to setup common norms and standard and also it need to be communicated and enforced among the working people. Ethical principle provides the base for modern business concept in an organization. The leadership of the organization and the ethical decision-making are the basic for an ethical organization. Ethical values and principles of an organization guide the working people and corporate from the common business motive of profit and shareholders enhancement. The modern ethical organization follows corporate social responsibility, fair trade, sustainability, globalization taking into consideration ifs negative effects.Ethical organization management modelThe modern ethical management of an organization in the 21st century illustrate by four Ps as permit off as follows for the success for any modern business ventures. (Refer appendix 3) Traditionally the organization main aim is to make profit and methods for achieving it. The modern organization performance, fiddleivities and standards are assailable globally and the lenders of the organization are accountable globally.Purpose of the organizationPurpose of the organization is to making fair profit for the shareholders and in case of public function delivery of cost effective service. Personality of a good ethical organization has to consider people needs and mindset with proper consideration disposed to the world it molds.People to whom the organization operatePeople comprise the organization staffs, guests, suppliers, local communities, stakeholders who has interest in the organization.Planet where the organization operateOrganization should give due consideration for environment, neural recourses, fair-trade and sustainability.Principles of the organizationPrinciple of the organization comprises honesty, truth, and integrity. Principles of the organization has to be matched with other conflicting aims in between purpose of the organization, people to whom it operates and the major planet where the organization operate in order to arrive at sustainable organization success.Need to manage the organization ethicallyIn the modern environment organization ethics should be actively manage and it is necessary to understand the main ethical value through an organization ethic program. There are quintuplet components in organization management ethic program.Commitment -Leaders and senior management should cede commitment to the program.Assessment -There should be active assessment of organization ethical value and effectiveness.Codify -Develop a code of ethics and communicate with each other,Formalize -Formulate ethical structures and systems, ethics training and ethics communicationIntegrate -Build an ethical culture and conduct in the organization.Need to develop ethical leadership in an organizationIn the modern world ethics and values are in front of executives, managers and leaders who spend much of their time for developing organizational culture. The leadership of the organization should take responsibility and carryout the business in conformism to the management ethics program. The ethical leadership should take steps the senior management and executives including board of directors to follow and respect organization values. Carryout organization ethics program to achieve ethic program goals. Appointing senior person to coordinate the program and determine the ethics function which needs initiative.Unethical policies, activities and behaviors in an organizationThe sideline organization activities are not necessarily unlawful which are commonly considered as unethical.Dishonesty, manipulating the facts and hiding information.Manipulating and misleading advertisement, positioning and communicationsExploiting peoples feeling.Fooling and taking profit of people weaknessGreed and making inordinate profitAnything harming or endangering peopleBreaking boldness of the organizationNot accepting the blame and compensable lot of amounts for the wrong doingPreventing to notify people any significant changesLack of transparenceHarming environment or earthPreventable waste or excessive consumptionRaiding anyones privacyMisusing authority, power and r eputation.More preference giving in appointing family membersPreferential treatment or decision-making based on secret motive or dealsUnfriendliness association with people or group of peopleConflict of interest, disloyalty of trust and breach of confidentiality informationNeglecting the duty of care of an organizationFail to prevent wrong report within his authorityUnfairness and unkindnessMarketing ethic issues and stakeholdersThe organization activities are affected directly or indirectly by the internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are includes board of directors, managers, employees, and other functional departments. External stakeholders include consumers, other interest groups, competitors, advertising agencies and regulatory bodies. (Miller and Lewis, 1991).Stakeholders ethical values are subject to various business issues such as sales practices, consumers privileges, environmental and product safety, disclosure of information about the products. (Maigna n and Ferrell 2004)Various stakeholders are maybe exercise pressure on organization to achieve their individual ethical values and norms.(Annexure 1) Hence the organization values and norms are affected by oddly by primary stakeholders since they are in good position to influence the organization ethical values.Paradigm.In the modern business environment strategy-setting in the business organization is vital for its survival. The organization should consider crucial roll in the organization by setting ethical strategy. The organization has to take into note whether the organization is doing the right thing. In order implement ethical strategy for an organization we should bring different paradigm into the risk debate.Functionalist paradigmThis paradigm has been the primary one for organizational studies. This approach is mainly rely on human affairs and believes by possible action testing. It deeply rooted in sociological factors. Through Functionalist paradigm can understand and measure via science. It is influence by idealist and Marxist and assumes there are external rules and regulations to secure the external world. (Ardalan, 2003,p.202)This functionalist paradigm basically explain about classical management theory, sysytem theory and contigency theory.it makes assumption how organisation is always in control mange people in a proper way.(morgan,2006morgan,1980)Radical humanitarianism a crucial approach for a ethical organizationThis approach has been emerged from the radical humanist paradigm (Morgan 1995,Burrell 2000) This approach argues dehumanization of the employee and the workplace. Individuals generally seen as machines and work as a technical process (Robbins and Barnwell 2006 pp 21-22) In the humanist approach that focus on placing human first rather than the organization.The basic assumptions of this paradigm are according to Morgan (1995), Ideological traps Tunnel vision is based on our previous experience becoming the blueprint for inte rpreting our current experience (we often let myths and our past experience becomes our reality). We are unable to interpret reality without prejudice. Power dimension The right to define reality or the right of some to have power over others overt use of power. Power is also used in a subtle or covert way (soft domination) and its use and outcry is often unquestioned. Eg. How is power distributed in organisations? We discuss empowerment and participation but we rarely see this happening in organisations. Ethical dimension Organisations need to act in an ethical manner. How do the actions of managers and organisations impact on employees and society? People first Work is the problemOrganizational ethical decision makingIn organization marketing ethical activities we should understand how people make ethical decisions. (Refer appendix 3) explains how the ethical decisions are taken in the normal organizational environment. The burden of the decisions is evaluated by the interna l and external stakeholders. The roll of the individual and values has the great impact on any business decision making. Determining ethical decision is the primary factor in an organization (Ferrell 2005)Ethical decision making RyanairThe current CEO Mr.Michael OLeary took the ethical business decision to operate the Ryanair airline as budget airline business model in the European market. It was very success taking such decision in the past and now approximately successful airline in the European market and most of the airline travelers prefer to travel by Ryanair. The following are the benefit by taking such decisionLow cost-low frills concept94% of the booking through Internet reduced operating costAll Boeing 737-800 aircraft reduce training and maintenance costEnvironmentally friendly Boeing 737-800 aircraftCustomer satisfaction Low cost and high service performanceUnethical decision making Enron, Daewoo, ToyotaMany gather failures over the past decade are due to fraud and financial manipulation.Enron The Enron disaster is exhalent example for organizational unethical decision making. On May 25, 2006 US Huston jury found guilty the Enron CEO Mr Ken Lay and Mr Jeff Skilling for hiding financial status of the organization in 2000 and 2001 The group executives manipulate their earnings by illegal inside trading went on to liquidation. Due to the organization failure many investors lost their money and many employees lost their job. The group failed due to unethical and illegal business decision.Daewoo Kim Woo Choong founder of Daewoo Group found guilty and convicted 10 years in prison and forfeited US $ 22 billion. afterward the business failure in South Korea. The group has grown with debt-funded acquisitions. The Asian financial crisis exposed the group weakness and the total group went into bankruptcy in 1999.The following are some of the points for the failure of the organization by operating unethically.Dishonesty and manipulating the facts and hi ding information.Manipulating and misleading the investorsBreaking the trust of the organizationLack of transparencyMisusing the authority and powerNeglecting duty of care of the organizationUnfairness towards investors and employeesFail to prevent wrong report within his authorityThe ethical problem to operate the business organization is not only due to financial misinterpretation and manipulation. Toyotas recent troubles have been an example of a companys failure to understand the ethics of the customer relationship. Turning a blind eye to ethical consideration can undermine the wider economy and in time, cause irreparable damage.Toyota The organization recall millions of vetches change to customers with suspected defects as on the specific engineering problem on the breaking systems. The following are the some of the examples that the organizations ethical responsibility failure.Breaking the trust of the organizationNeglecting duty of care of the organizationAnything harming or endangering customersUnfairness towards customers and investors.ConclusionIn modern organization ethics play a major spot in taking effective decision making. Because for the success of an organization mainly rely on ethics. This report mainly focuses on theories, models and paradigms which helped to a proper decision in an organization.In this report I explained about functionalist paradigm and radical humanist paradigm. Functionalist focus only on organizational behavior through hypothesis testing but radical humanist paradigm explained about the current approach of an organization and their impact on society. According to paradigms which are not an tripping task it heavily teaches about ethics to the people.In this report I explained about ethical approach and how it controls in making an effective decision making in an organization and describing about what are the unethical approaches which rely on taking ineffective decision making.At last, to conclude my report, I would sa y organizations have started to focus on ethics. However, they did not lose the focus on organizational structure. Also there are many differences between paradigms in managing ethics.

About Australia Essay -- Australia Economy Population Culture Trade Es

About AustraliaAustralia, island continent located southeast of Asia and forming, with thenearby island of Tasmania, the commenwealth of Australia, a self governing phallus of the Commenwealth of Nations. The commenwealth of Australia is made upof six states--News south Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria,and Wester n Australia--and two territories--the Australian Capital Territoryand the Northern Territory.Australia, including Tasmania just excluding external territories, covers a landarea of 7,682,300 sq. km, extending from Cape York (100 41 S) in the north some3,680 km to Tasmania (430 39 S), and from Cape Byron (1530 39 E) in the eastsome 4,000 km west to Western Australia (1130 9 E). rudimentary DataPopulation (estimates), July 1995, 18,322,231, with the age structure under 15(female 1,929,366 male 2,032,238), 15-64 (female 6,017,362 male 6,181,887), 65and over(female 1,227,004 male 934,374). Population growth compute is estimated at1.31% (1995 est.). Litera cy rate age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.).English is the official language, with modern Australian English a conglomerateof British, American, and their own phrase and spelling. BecauseAustralia is one of the most multicultural nations in the world it is possibleto find vibrant ethnic communities using closely every other worldlanguage.Australian groom children have the highest rate of learning Asianlanguages, particularly Japanese and Chinese, of any industrialized westernnation - in recognition of their future as a member of the Asia-Pacific region.Labor force is 8.63 million(september 1991) by occupation of finance and service33.8%, public and community services 22.3%, wholesale and reatail trade 20.1%,manufacturing and industry 16.2%, agriculture 6.1%(1987). semipolitical SystemAustralia has a federal system of government, and a long history as a multipartyparliamentary democracy. There is no written Bill of Rights, but fundamentalrights are ensured by law and re spected in practice.The Commonwealth (federal) government and the six state governments operateunder written constitutions that draw on the British tradition of a CabinetGovernment, led by a Prime Minister, which is responsible to a majority inParliaments lower house. The Federal Constitution, however, alike contains someelement... ...ing almost a quarter oftotal merchandise exportsExports to the Asian region overall grew by almost seven per centime to $A41billionintricately Transformed Manufactures (ETMs) exports grew 14 per cent toalmost$A14 billion - they now account for 20 per cent of all merchandise exportsDespite a five per cent fall in export earnings, coal remained Australiaslargest commodity exportExports of computers and office machinery, parts and accessories increasedin aggregate by 30 per cent to almost $A1 billion - assembled computer exportsgrew by over 60 per cent during the yearThe value of wool exports held steady during 1993-94 - a five per centincrease in volu me was offset by lower average prices (although prices recoveredduring the second half of the year)There were significant falls in exports of both crude and meliorate petroleumoilThe growth in wine exports typifies the increasing diversity of Australiasexport base - they have increased over the last decade at an annual trend rateof over 40 per centThe latest Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Manufacturing Surveyrevealed that exporting manufacturers were performing significantly better

9/11 and Jean-Jacques Rousseau :: American America History

9/11 and Jean-Jacques RousseauLEtat Cest Moi Absolutism in the Age of ReasonBy analyzing the Taliban regime and their motives, Jean-Jacques Rousseaus ideas, and by analyze the two, it will be made evident that Jean-Jacques Rousseaus ideas of political sympathies rule over peoples lives is true in this specific case. On September 11, 2001 the heart of the United States of the States was ripped out in a matter of 10 minutes by Islamic extremists who follow the Taliban Regime. The first attack was at 845 am when two planes were hijacked and crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Centre in New York City. Thousands lost their lives that day. This was the day that started Americas War on Terrorism. The Taliban Regime believes that Islam is the right and only carriage to live. The government inflicts Islam teachings on their citizens. It is law that all women must wear the hajib when out in public, if not they will be punished. All men must register in the army, unless he is t he only son with no one else to carry on the family name. Children are taught to die for their religion. When an Islam nation declares a Jihad (a religious war) it is figure out by death of a nation. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was born in Geneva in Switzerland in 1712. He was a Philosopher who believed that all people are good and it is lousy government that turns them to do evil. He believed that the government brainwashes its citizens to believe in their way. And if any one of its citizens refuses to obey the generals will may be forced by his fellows to do so. Thus saying that it may be necessary to force a man to be free. For example if the law demanded that every man must enrol with the army by the age of 18, and one of its citizens did not agree with this law and tried to get out of it, that man would be forced to enroll. He would be forced to fight for his country, and his freedom. Even if he didnt believe in it himself. In this case, with the Taliban regime, Rousseaus ideas ho ld truth. It is evident that the Taliban Regime is a good example of bad government controlling good people. Each individual man who does not want to join the army must escape for fear of his life.